See ◌̇ on Wiktionary
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "diacritical mark"
},
"expansion": "◌̇",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "NAPA symbols",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "39 9 43 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "(on a consonant) Added to a letter with a descender to indicate retracted articulation, e.g. ⟨ġ⟩ for ⟨g̣⟩ (IPA [ɢ]), ⟨γ̇⟩ or ⟨ɣ̇⟩ (IPA [ʁ]), ⟨ŋ̇⟩ (IPA [ɴ])."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A central vowel (e.g. rounded ⟨ȯ, ɔ̇⟩ or unrounded ⟨ɛ̇, æ̇⟩)."
],
"id": "en-◌̇-mul-character-aDx-VKI~",
"links": [
[
"ȯ",
"ȯ"
],
[
"ɔ̇",
"ɔ̇"
],
[
"ɛ̇",
"ɛ̇"
],
[
"æ̇",
"æ̇"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(NAPA) A central vowel (e.g. rounded ⟨ȯ, ɔ̇⟩ or unrounded ⟨ɛ̇, æ̇⟩)."
],
"tags": [
"diacritic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "UPA symbols",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "E.g. ė is between ḙ and i̬; ȯ between o̭ and u̬."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A closer vowel."
],
"id": "en-◌̇-mul-character-s6WQgIzt",
"qualifier": "on a vowel letter",
"raw_glosses": [
"(UPA, on a vowel letter) A closer vowel."
],
"tags": [
"UPA",
"diacritic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "UPA symbols",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "36 3 47 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 2 50 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 9 43 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 6 50 16",
"kind": "topical",
"name": "Translingual diacritical marks",
"parents": [
"Diacritical marks",
"Letters, symbols, and punctuation",
"Symbols",
"Orthography",
"Writing",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Human",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "E.g. voiced ʙ̇ ᴅ̇ ɢ̇, tenuis ṗ ṫ k̇."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A \"half-sounded\" consonant."
],
"id": "en-◌̇-mul-character-MlUvXULI",
"qualifier": "on a consonant letter",
"raw_glosses": [
"(UPA, on a consonant letter) A \"half-sounded\" consonant."
],
"tags": [
"UPA",
"diacritic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "IPA symbols",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "(IPA, obsolete) centralized (on a vowel letter)."
}
],
"glosses": [
"palatalized (on a consonant letter)."
],
"id": "en-◌̇-mul-character-7yJWBLvq",
"links": [
[
"palatalized",
"palatalized"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(IPA, obsolete) palatalized (on a consonant letter)."
],
"tags": [
"IPA",
"diacritic",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"word": "◌̇"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨f⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨f⟩",
"name": "nowrap"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "⟨f⟩",
"name": "angbr"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨s⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨s⟩",
"name": "nowrap"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "s"
},
"expansion": "⟨s⟩",
"name": "angbr"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨c p t⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨c p t⟩",
"name": "nowrap"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c p t"
},
"expansion": "⟨c p t⟩",
"name": "angbr"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨ch ph th⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨ch ph th⟩",
"name": "nowrap"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ch ph th"
},
"expansion": "⟨ch ph th⟩",
"name": "angbr"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨b d g m⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨b d g m⟩",
"name": "nowrap"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "b d g m"
},
"expansion": "⟨b d g m⟩",
"name": "angbr"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Originally used in Latin-language manuscripts to \"cross out\" a letter written mistakenly, hence the name punctum delens (literally “deleting dot”). In Old Irish and Middle Irish manuscripts, it came to be sometimes used over ⟨f⟩ and ⟨s⟩ to show that these letters had undergone lenition to ∅ and /h/ respectively; the letters were thus effectively \"crossed out\" to show that their sounds had been deleted or debuccalized. In later Middle Irish and early Modern Irish, the dot came to be used to indicate lenition of any consonant. (In older Irish, lenition of ⟨c p t⟩ was indicated by ⟨ch ph th⟩, and lenition of ⟨b d g m⟩ was not shown at all.)",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"name": "Irish diacritical marks",
"parents": [
"Diacritical marks",
"Letters, symbols, and punctuation",
"Symbols",
"Orthography",
"Writing",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Human",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A diacritical mark of the Latin script, called ponc séimhithe (“lenition dot”) in Irish, and found on Ḃ/ḃ, Ċ/ċ, Ḋ/ḋ, Ḟ/ḟ, Ġ/ġ, Ṁ/ṁ, Ṗ/ṗ, Ṡ/ṡ and Ṫ/ṫ. Generally used only in Gaelic script; very rare in Latin script."
],
"id": "en-◌̇-ga-character--NhtORf4",
"links": [
[
"diacritical mark",
"diacritical mark"
],
[
"ponc séimhithe",
"ponc séimhithe#Irish"
],
[
"Ḃ",
"Ḃ#Irish"
],
[
"ḃ",
"ḃ#Irish"
],
[
"Ċ",
"Ċ#Irish"
],
[
"ċ",
"ċ#Irish"
],
[
"Ḋ",
"Ḋ#Irish"
],
[
"ḋ",
"ḋ#Irish"
],
[
"Ḟ",
"Ḟ#Irish"
],
[
"ḟ",
"ḟ#Irish"
],
[
"Ġ",
"Ġ#Irish"
],
[
"ġ",
"ġ#Irish"
],
[
"Ṁ",
"Ṁ#Irish"
],
[
"ṁ",
"ṁ#Irish"
],
[
"Ṗ",
"Ṗ#Irish"
],
[
"ṗ",
"ṗ#Irish"
],
[
"Ṡ",
"Ṡ#Irish"
],
[
"ṡ",
"ṡ#Irish"
],
[
"Ṫ",
"Ṫ#Irish"
],
[
"ṫ",
"ṫ#Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"diacritic"
]
}
],
"word": "◌̇"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨f⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨f⟩",
"name": "nowrap"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "⟨f⟩",
"name": "angbr"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨s⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨s⟩",
"name": "nowrap"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "s"
},
"expansion": "⟨s⟩",
"name": "angbr"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨c p t⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨c p t⟩",
"name": "nowrap"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c p t"
},
"expansion": "⟨c p t⟩",
"name": "angbr"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨ch ph th⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨ch ph th⟩",
"name": "nowrap"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ch ph th"
},
"expansion": "⟨ch ph th⟩",
"name": "angbr"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨b d g m⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨b d g m⟩",
"name": "nowrap"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "b d g m"
},
"expansion": "⟨b d g m⟩",
"name": "angbr"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Originally used in Latin-language manuscripts to \"cross out\" a letter written mistakenly, hence the name punctum delens (literally “deleting dot”). In Old Irish and Middle Irish manuscripts, it came to be sometimes used over ⟨f⟩ and ⟨s⟩ to show that these letters had undergone lenition to ∅ and /h/ respectively; the letters were thus effectively \"crossed out\" to show that their sounds had been deleted or debuccalized. In later Middle Irish and early Modern Irish, the dot came to be used to indicate lenition of any consonant. (In older Irish, lenition of ⟨c p t⟩ was indicated by ⟨ch ph th⟩, and lenition of ⟨b d g m⟩ was not shown at all.)",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Irish diacritical marks",
"Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Irish lemmas",
"Irish terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Irish terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"A diacritical mark of the Latin script, called ponc séimhithe (“lenition dot”) in Irish, and found on Ḃ/ḃ, Ċ/ċ, Ḋ/ḋ, Ḟ/ḟ, Ġ/ġ, Ṁ/ṁ, Ṗ/ṗ, Ṡ/ṡ and Ṫ/ṫ. Generally used only in Gaelic script; very rare in Latin script."
],
"links": [
[
"diacritical mark",
"diacritical mark"
],
[
"ponc séimhithe",
"ponc séimhithe#Irish"
],
[
"Ḃ",
"Ḃ#Irish"
],
[
"ḃ",
"ḃ#Irish"
],
[
"Ċ",
"Ċ#Irish"
],
[
"ċ",
"ċ#Irish"
],
[
"Ḋ",
"Ḋ#Irish"
],
[
"ḋ",
"ḋ#Irish"
],
[
"Ḟ",
"Ḟ#Irish"
],
[
"ḟ",
"ḟ#Irish"
],
[
"Ġ",
"Ġ#Irish"
],
[
"ġ",
"ġ#Irish"
],
[
"Ṁ",
"Ṁ#Irish"
],
[
"ṁ",
"ṁ#Irish"
],
[
"Ṗ",
"Ṗ#Irish"
],
[
"ṗ",
"ṗ#Irish"
],
[
"Ṡ",
"Ṡ#Irish"
],
[
"ṡ",
"ṡ#Irish"
],
[
"Ṫ",
"Ṫ#Irish"
],
[
"ṫ",
"ṫ#Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"diacritic"
]
}
],
"word": "◌̇"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Translingual diacritical marks",
"Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"Translingual lemmas",
"Translingual terms spelled with ◌̇"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "diacritical mark"
},
"expansion": "◌̇",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"NAPA symbols"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "(on a consonant) Added to a letter with a descender to indicate retracted articulation, e.g. ⟨ġ⟩ for ⟨g̣⟩ (IPA [ɢ]), ⟨γ̇⟩ or ⟨ɣ̇⟩ (IPA [ʁ]), ⟨ŋ̇⟩ (IPA [ɴ])."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A central vowel (e.g. rounded ⟨ȯ, ɔ̇⟩ or unrounded ⟨ɛ̇, æ̇⟩)."
],
"links": [
[
"ȯ",
"ȯ"
],
[
"ɔ̇",
"ɔ̇"
],
[
"ɛ̇",
"ɛ̇"
],
[
"æ̇",
"æ̇"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(NAPA) A central vowel (e.g. rounded ⟨ȯ, ɔ̇⟩ or unrounded ⟨ɛ̇, æ̇⟩)."
],
"tags": [
"diacritic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"UPA symbols"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "E.g. ė is between ḙ and i̬; ȯ between o̭ and u̬."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A closer vowel."
],
"qualifier": "on a vowel letter",
"raw_glosses": [
"(UPA, on a vowel letter) A closer vowel."
],
"tags": [
"UPA",
"diacritic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"UPA symbols"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "E.g. voiced ʙ̇ ᴅ̇ ɢ̇, tenuis ṗ ṫ k̇."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A \"half-sounded\" consonant."
],
"qualifier": "on a consonant letter",
"raw_glosses": [
"(UPA, on a consonant letter) A \"half-sounded\" consonant."
],
"tags": [
"UPA",
"diacritic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"IPA symbols",
"Translingual terms with obsolete senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "(IPA, obsolete) centralized (on a vowel letter)."
}
],
"glosses": [
"palatalized (on a consonant letter)."
],
"links": [
[
"palatalized",
"palatalized"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(IPA, obsolete) palatalized (on a consonant letter)."
],
"tags": [
"IPA",
"diacritic",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"word": "◌̇"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ◌̇ meaning in All languages combined (4.4kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: NAPA",
"path": [
"◌̇"
],
"section": "Translingual",
"subsection": "diacritical mark",
"title": "◌̇",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: NAPA",
"path": [
"◌̇"
],
"section": "Translingual",
"subsection": "diacritical mark",
"title": "◌̇",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.